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Education for all
HTML5 makes the Web a first-class environment for creating real applications. HTML5 reinforces JavaScript's existing toolset with key extensions to the browser APIs that make it easier to create applications that feel (and can be) complete in themselves, not just views on some distant server process.
The Web began as a way to share files, stored on a web server, that changed only occasionally. Developers quickly figured out how to generate those files on the fly, taking the first big step toward building applications. The next big step was adding interactivity in the browser client. JavaScript and the Document Object Model (DOM) let developers create Dynamic HTML, as the "browser wars" raged and then suddenly stopped. After a few years, Ajax brought these techniques back into style, adding some tools to let pages communicate with the server in smaller chunks.
HTML5 builds on these twenty years of development, and fills in some critical gaps. On the surface, many of HTML5's changes add support for features (especially multimedia and graphics) that had previously required plugins, but underneath, it gives JavaScript programmers the tools they need to create standalone (or at least more loosely tethered) applications using HTML for structure, CSS for presentation, and JavaScript for logic and behavior.